Androgens and estrogens in skeletal sexual dimorphism
【特刊综述】骨骼两性异形中的雄激素和雌激素作者机构：Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Gerontology and Geriatrics Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine KU Leuven Leuven Begum Geriatric Medicine University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium Clinical and Experimental Endccrinology Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine KU Leuven Leuven Belgium Endocrinology and Andrology Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases Laboratory Medicine University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium.
出 版 物：《Asian Journal of Andrology》 (亚洲男性学杂志（英文版）)
年 卷 期：2014年第16卷第2期
页 面：213-222,I0008页
核心收录：
学科分类：10[医学]
基 金：supported by the Research Foundation Flanders via grants
主 题：androgen receptor bone mineral density estradiol estrogen receptor male osteoblast osteoclast osteocyte osteoporosis sex hormone-binding globulin testosterone
摘 要：Bone is an endocrine tissue expressing androgen and estrogen receptors as well as steroid metabolizing enzymes. The bioactivity of circulating sex steroids is modulated by sex hormone-binding globulin and local conversion in bone tissue, for example, from testosterone （T） to estradiol （E2） by aromatase, or to dihydrotestosterone by 5（x-reductase enzymes. Our understanding of the structural basis for gender differences in bone strength has advanced considerably over recent years due to increasing use of （high resolution） peripheral computed tomography. These microarchitectural insights form the basis to understand sex steroid influences on male peak bone mass and turnover in cortical vs trabecular bone. Recent studies using Cre/LoxP technology have further refined our mechanistic insights from global knockout mice into the direct contributions of sex steroids and their respective nuclear receptors in osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, and other cells to male osteoporosis. At the same time, these studies have reinforced the notion that androgen and estrogen deficiency have both direct and pleiotropic effects via interaction with, for example, insulin-like growth factor 1, inflammation, oxidative stress, central nervous system control of bone metabolism, adaptation to mechanical loading, etc., This review will summarize recent advances on these issues in the field of sex steroid actions in male bone homeostasis.
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