A Systematic Literature Review on Blockchain Consensus Mechanisms’ Security: Applications and Open Challenges

作     者：Muhammad Muntasir Yakubu Mohd Fadzil B Hassan Kamaluddeen Usman Danyaro Aisha Zahid Junejo Muhammed Siraj Saidu Yahaya Shamsuddeen Adamu Kamal Abdulsalam 

作者机构：Department of Computer and Information ScienceUniversiti Teknologi PETRONASPerak32610Malaysia Department of Information TechnologyFaculty of ComputingFederal University Dutsin-MaKatsina5001Nigeria Institute of Autonomous SystemsUniversiti Teknologi PETRONASPerak32610Malaysia Institut für LuftfahrtsystemeUniversität StuttgartStuttgart70569Germany Department of Computer ScienceAcademic City University CollegeAgbogbaAccra421Ghana Department of Mathematical SciencesNational University of the Center of the Province of Buenos AiresPintoTandil399Argentina 

出 版 物：《Computer Systems Science & Engineering》 (计算机系统科学与工程（英文）)

年 卷 期：2024年第48卷第6期

页      面：1437-1481页

学科分类：08[工学] 0812[工学-计算机科学与技术（可授工学、理学学位）] 

基　　金：funded by Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS and grants(YUTP-PRG:015PBC-011) 

主　　题：Blockchain consensus mechanisms supply chain management proof of work(PoW) proof of stake(PoS) practical byzantine fault tolerance(PBFT) 

摘      要：This study conducts a systematic literature review(SLR)of blockchain consensus mechanisms,an essential protocols that maintain the integrity,reliability,and decentralization of distributed ledger *** aim is to comprehensively investigate prominent mechanisms’security features and vulnerabilities,emphasizing their security considerations,applications,challenges,and future *** existing literature offers valuable insights into various consensus mechanisms’strengths,limitations,and security vulnerabilities and their real-world ***,there remains a gap in synthesizing and analyzing this knowledge *** this gap would facilitate a structured approach to understanding consensus mechanisms’security and vulnerabilities *** study adheres to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines and computer science standards and reviewed 3749 research papers from 2016 to 2024,excluding grey literature,resulting in 290 articles for descriptive *** research highlights an increased focus on blockchain consensus security,energy efficiency,and hybrid mechanisms within 60%of research papers post-2019,identifying gaps in scalability,privacy,and interoperability for future *** synthesizing the existing research and identifying the key trends,this SLR contributes to advancing the understanding of blockchain consensus mechanisms’security and guiding future research and structured innovation in blockchain systems and applications.