Virtual Water Flows of Brazil’s International Trade

作     者：Umberto Antonio Sesso Filho Ricardo Luís Lopes Carlos Alberto Gonçalves Junior Emerson Guzzi Zuan Esteves Patrícia Pompermayer Sesso Umberto Antonio Sesso Filho;Ricardo Luís Lopes;Carlos Alberto Gonçalves Junior;Emerson Guzzi Zuan Esteves;Patrícia Pompermayer Sesso

作者机构：Department of Economics State University of Londrina (UEL) Londrina Brazil Department of Economics State University of Maring (UEM) Maring Brazil Department of Economics State University of Western Paran (Unioeste) Toledo Brazil Institute for Rural Development of Parana Londrina Brazil 

出 版 物：《Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection》 (地球科学和环境保护期刊（英文）)

年 卷 期：2024年第12卷第10期

页      面：21-37页

学科分类：02[经济学] 0202[经济学-应用经济学] 020206[经济学-国际贸易学] 

主　　题：Natural Resources Water Balance Input-Output Environment 

摘      要：The study aims to measure virtual water flows in Brazil’s international trade. The methodology is based on the input-output matrix, and the database used was the Eora Global Supply Chain Database. The results showed that Brazil exported 230.8 billion m3 of virtual water per year, representing approximately 34.7% of the water footprint of the national production system in 2015. Virtual water imports totaled 111.6 billion m3 with a positive balance (net exports) of 119.2 billion m3. The country is a net exporter of this resource except for trade relations with South America and Africa, regions with negative balances of −36 billion m3 and 3 billion m3, respectively. The main destinations for virtual water exports from Brazil are Europe, with 41% of the total exported, followed by Asia and North America, with values close to 20%. The fact that Brazil is a net exporter of water makes sustainable use of the resource important, as the diversity of climate, soil, and water availability at a regional level is a challenge, which makes it essential to increase the efficiency of the use and management of water resources.