死亡启动减少突发公共卫生事件中亲社会行为意愿的机制

作     者：张菁菁 张羽蝶 潘宇晨 汪安心 孙猛 

作者机构：安徽医科大学精神卫生与心理科学学院安徽 合肥 

出 版 物：《心理学进展》 (Advances in Psychology)

年 卷 期：2024年第14卷第9期

页      面：606-614页

学科分类：1011[医学-护理学（可授医学、理学学位）] 10[医学] 

主　　题：死亡启动 突发公共卫生事件 亲社会行为 性别差异 

摘      要：亲社会行为指人们在社会交往过程中的利他行为。突发公共卫生事件以其突发性和公共属性不仅严重威胁人类的生命健康,由疾病感染与传播带来的死亡信息也在心理层面给个体带来生存恐惧,形成突发公共卫生事件背景下的死亡启动。但是,死亡启动如何影响突发公共卫生事件背景下个体的亲社会行为并不清楚。本研究在一次突发公共卫生事件中招募了400名被试,分别进行死亡启动和情绪启动,随后测量了他们的情绪状态和亲社会行为意愿。结果发现,死亡启动相比情绪启动只降低了男性亲社会行为意愿,不影响女性亲社会行为意愿。进一步的中介效应分析发现,死亡启动通过降低积极情绪减少了男性亲社会行为意愿,消极情绪和对于突发公共卫生事件的焦虑并未起到中介作用。本研究揭示了突发公共卫生事件背景下死亡启动减少亲社会行为意愿的机制和性别差异,对于减少由突发公共卫生事件过程中死亡启动带来的负面影响具有重要的意义。Pro-social behavior refers to the altruistic behavior of people in the process of social interaction. Public health emergencies not only pose a serious threat to human life and health due to their suddenness and public nature, but also bring death information brought by disease infection and transmission, which creates fear of survival at the psychological level, forming the mortality salience in the context of public health emergencies. However, it is not clear how mortality salience affects individuals’ pro-social behavior in the context of public health emergencies. In this study, 400 subjects were recruited during a public health emergency and underwent mortality salience and emotion salience, respectively. And their emotional states and pro-social behavioral intentions were subsequently measured. The results found that mortality salience compared to emotion salience reduced pro-social behavioral intentions only in males and did not affect pro-social behavioral intentions in females. Further mediation effect analyses found that mortality salience reduced males’ pro-social behavioral intentions by decreasing positive emotions, while negative emotions and anxiety about public health emergencies did not play a mediating role. This study reveals the mechanisms and gender differences in the reduction of pro-social behavioral intentions by mortality salience in the context of public health emergencies, which is important for reducing the negative effects of mortality salience in the course of public health emergencies.