Anal carcinoma-exploring the epidemiology,risk factors,pathophysiology,diagnosis,and treatment
作者机构：Department of MedicineDivision of Gastroenterology&HepatologySaint George’s University School of MedicineSaint George 33334Saint GeorgeGrenada
出 版 物：《World Journal of Experimental Medicine》 (世界实验医学杂志)
年 卷 期：2024年第14卷第3期
页 面：20-38页
学科分类：1002[医学-临床医学] 100214[医学-肿瘤学] 10[医学]
主 题：Anal cancer Squamous cell carcinoma Chemoradiation therapy Human papillomavirus Immunosuppression
摘 要：Anal carcinoma is a relatively rare tumor that accounts for approximately 2%of gastrointestinal malignancies and less than 7%of anorectal *** anal tumors originate between the anorectal junction and the anal *** factors for the disease include human papillomavirus infection,human immunodeficiency virus,tobacco use,immunosuppression,female sex,and older *** pathogenesis of anal carcinoma is believed to be linked to human papillomavirusrelated inflammation,leading to dysplasia and progression to *** cell carcinoma is the most common type of anal tumor,with an annual incidence of approximately 1 to 2 per 100000 *** regarding anal cancer has emerged over ***,chemoradiation therapy remains the mainstay approach for early localized *** with metastatic disease are treated with systemic therapy,and salvage surgery is reserved for disease recurrence following *** article aims to provide background information on the epidemiology,risk factors,pathology,diagnosis,and current trends in the management of anal *** directions are briefly discussed.
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