Mutagenic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan and Lambda-cyhalothrin—In vitro study describing individual and combined effects of pesticides

作     者：Umber Saleem Sohail Ejaz Muhammad Ashraf Muhammad Ovais Omer Imran Iltaf Zainab Batool Riffat Fatima Msbah Afzal 

作者机构：Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore 54000 Pakistan Department of Clinical Neurosciences Neurology Unit Addenbrooke's Hospital University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Microbiology Section Quality Operations Laboratory University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore Pakistan 

出 版 物：《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 (环境科学学报（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2014年第26卷第7期

页      面：1471-1479页

核心收录：

学科分类：082803[工学-农业生物环境与能源工程] 08[工学] 0828[工学-农业工程] 

基　　金：financially supported by the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Evening program)  University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences  Lahore 

主　　题：Endosulfan Lambda cyhalothrin Mutagenicity Cytotoxicity 

摘      要：Excessive use of pesticides poses increased risks to non target species including humans. In the developing countries, lack of proper awareness about the toxic potential of pesticides makes the farmer more vulnerable to pesticide linked toxicities, which could lead to diverse pathological conditions. The toxic potential of a pesticide could be determined by their ability to induce genetic mutations and cytotoxicity. Hence, determination of genetic mutation and cytotoxicity of each pesticide is unavoidable to legislate health and safety appraisal about pesticides. The objective of current investigation was to determine the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan（EN） and Lambda-cyhalothrin（LC）; individually and in combination. 3-（4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide（MTT） assay was utilized to determine cytotoxicity, while two mutant histidine dependent Salmonella strains（TA98, TA100） were used to determine the mutagenicity of EN and ***, mutagenicity assay was conducted with and without S9 to evaluate the effects of metabolic activation on mutagenicity. Even though a dose dependent increase in the number of revertant colonies was detected with EN against both bacterial strains, a highly significant（p 〈 0.05） increase in the mutagenicity was detected in TA98 with S9. In comparison, data obtained from LC revealed less mutagenic potential than EN. Surprisingly,the non-mutagenic individual-concentrations of EN and LC showed dose dependent mutagenicity when combined. Combination of EN and LC synergistically induced mutagenicity both in TA98 and TA100. MTT assay spotlighted comparable dose dependent cytotoxicity effects of both pesticides. Interestingly, the combination of EN and LC produced increased reversion and cytotoxicity at lower doses as compared to each pesticide, concluding that pesticide exposure even at sub-lethal doses can produce cytotoxicity and genetic mutations, which could lead to carcinogenicity.