m^(6)A modification of plant virus enables host recognition by NMD factors in plants

作     者：Hao He Linhao Ge Yalin Chen Siwen Zhao Zhaolei Li Xueping Zhou Fangfang Li 

作者机构：State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyInstitute of BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310029China 

出 版 物：《Science China(Life Sciences)》 (中国科学（生命科学英文版）)

年 卷 期：2024年第67卷第1期

页      面：161-174页

核心收录：

学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 09[农学] 0904[农学-植物保护] 090401[农学-植物病理学] 

基　　金：supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFD1400400) to Fangfang Li the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32172385 and 31930089) to Fangfang Li and Xueping Zhou, respectively 

主　　题：m^(6)A Pepino mosaic virus plant defense m^(6)A readers NMD factors 

摘      要：N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)is the most abundant eukaryotic mRNA modification and is involved in various biological processes.Increasing evidence has implicated that m^(6)Amodification is an important anti-viral defense mechanism in mammals and plants,but it is largely unknown how m^(6)Aregulates viral infection in plants.Here we report the dynamic changes and functional anatomy of m^(6)Ain Nicotiana benthamiana and Solanum lycopersicum during Pepino mosaic virus(PepMV)infection.m^(6)Amodification in the PepMV RNA genome is conserved in these two species.Overexpression of the m^(6)Awriters,mRNA adenosine methylase A(MTA),and HAKAI inhibit the PepMV RNA accumulation accompanied by increased viral m^(6)Amodifications,whereas deficiency of these writers decreases the viral RNA m^(6)Alevels but enhances virus infection.Further study reveals that the cytoplasmic YTH-domain family protein NbECT2A/2B/2C as m^(6)Areaders are involved in anti-viral immunity.Protein-protein interactions indicate that NbECT2A/2B/2C interact with nonsense-mediated mRNA decay(NMD)-related proteins,including NbUPF3 and NbSMG7,but not with NbUPF1.m^(6)Amodification-mediated restriction to PepMV infection is dependent on NMD-related factors.These findings provide new insights into the functionality of m^(6)Aanti-viral activity and reveal a distinct immune response that NMD factors recognize the m^(6)Areaders-viral m^(6)ARNA complex for viral RNA degradation to limit virus infection in plants.