Evolutionary mechanisms and practical significance of reproductive success and clonal diversity in unisexual vertebrate polyploids

作     者：Meng Lu Li Zhou Jian-Fang Gui 

作者机构：State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and BiotechnologyHubei Hongshan Laboratorythe Innovation Academy of Seed DesignInstitute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China 

出 版 物：《Science China(Life Sciences)》 (中国科学（生命科学英文版）)

年 卷 期：2024年第67卷第3期

页      面：449-459页

核心收录：

学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 07[理学] 071002[理学-动物学] 

基　　金：supported by“Agricultural Biological Breeding-2030”major project(2023ZD0405504) the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31930111 and 32102785) the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA024030104) the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-45-07) Science and Technology Major Project of Hubei Province(2023BBA001) Hubei Hongshan Laboratory(2021hszd001) Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2023QNRC001) the Excellent Young Talents program of Wuhan 

主　　题：unisexual vertebrates polyploidy reproduction transition clonal diversity precise breeding genomic reconstruction controllable fertility 

摘      要：Unisexual reproduction is generally relevant to polyploidy, and unisexual vertebrates are often considered an evolutionary “dead end due to the accumulation of deleterious mutations and absence of genetic diversity. However, some unisexual polyploids have developed strategies to avoid genomic decay, and thus provide ideal models to unveil unexplored evolutionary mechanisms, from the reproductive success to clonal diversity creation. This article reviews the evolutionary mechanisms for overcoming meiotic barrier and generating genetic diversity in unisexual vertebrates, and summarizes recent research advancements in the polyploid Carassius complex. Gynogenetic gibel carp(Carassius gibelio) is a unique amphitriploid that has undergone a recurrent autotriploidy and has overcome the bottleneck of triploid sterility via gynogenesis. Recently, an efficient strategy in which ploidy changes, including from amphitriploid to amphitetraploid, then from amphitetraploid to novel amphitriploid, drive unisexual-sexual-unisexual reproduction transition and clonal diversity has been *** on this new discovery, multigenomic reconstruction biotechnology has been used to breed a novel strain with superior growth and stronger disease resistance. Moreover, a unique reproduction mode that combines both abilities of ameiotic oogenesis and sperm-egg fusion,termed as ameio-fusiongensis, has been discovered, and it provides an efficient approach to synthesize sterile allopolyploids. In order to avoid ecological risks upon escape and protect the sustainable property rights of the aquaculture seed industry, a controllable fertility biotechnology approach for precise breeding is being developed by integrating sterile allopolyploid synthesis and gene-editing *** review provides novel insights into the origin and evolution of unisexual vertebrates and into the attempts being made to exploit new breeding biotechnologies in aquaculture.