RALF22 promotes plant immunity and amplifies the Pep3 immune signal

作     者：Yu-Han He Song-Yu Chen Xing-Yan Chen You-Ping Xu Yan Liang Xin-Zhong Cai Yu-Han He;Song-Yu Chen;Xing-Yan Chen;You-Ping Xu;Yan Liang;Xin-Zhong Cai

作者机构：Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang ProvinceInstitute of BiotechnologyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang University866 Yu Hang Tang RoadHangzhou 310058China Centre of Analysis and MeasurementZhejiang University866 Yu Hang Tang RoadHangzhou 310058China Hainan InstituteZhejiang UniversitySanya 572025China 

出 版 物：《Journal of Integrative Plant Biology》 (植物学报（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2023年第65卷第11期

页      面：2519-2534页

核心收录：

学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 09[农学] 0904[农学-植物保护] 090401[农学-植物病理学] 

基　　金：financial y supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31871947) the Zhejiang Science and Technology Major Program on Agricultural New Variety Breeding (No.2021C02064) the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No.LZ18C140002)。 

主　　题：RALF22 FER reactive oxygen species Pep3 plant immunity Sclerotinia sclerotiorum 

摘      要：Rapid alkalinization factors(RALFs)in plants have been reported to dampen pathogenassociated molecular pattern(PAMP)-triggered immunity via suppressing PAMP-induced complex formation between the pattern recognition receptor(PRR)and its co-receptor BAK1.However,the direct and positive role of RALFs in plant immunity remains largely unknown.Herein,we report the direct and positive roles of a typical RALF,RALF22,in plant immunity.RALF22alone directly elicited a variety of typical immune responses and triggered resistance against the devastating necrotrophic fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in a FERONIA(FER)-dependent manner.LORELEI(LRE)-like glycosylphosphatidylinositol(GPI)-anchored protein 1(LLG1)and NADPH oxidase RBOHD were required for RALF22-elicited reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation.The mutation of cysteines conserved in the C terminus of RALFs abolished,while the constitutive formation of two disulfide bridges between these cysteines promoted the RALF22-elicited ROS production and resistance against S.sclerotiorum,demonstrating the requirement of these cysteines in the functions of RALF22 in plant immunity.Furthermore,RALF22 amplified the Pep3-induced immune signal by dramatically increasing the abundance of PROPEP3 transcript and protein.Supply with RALF22 induced resistance against S.sclerotiorum in Brassica crop plants.Collectively,our results reveal that RALF22 triggers immune responses and augments the Pep3-induced immune signal in a FER-dependent manner,and exhibits the potential to be exploited as an immune elicitor in crop protection.