Warming‑induced changes of broccoli head to cauliflower‑like curd in Brassica oleracea are regulated by DNA methylation as revealed by methylome and transcriptome co‑profiling

作     者：Zilei Yao Lu Yuan Ke Liu Tingjin Wang Bin Liu Yan Zhao Susheng Gan Liping Chen 

作者机构：Department of HorticultureCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Plant Biology SectionSchool of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Present address:College of Agronomy and BiotechnologyYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming 650201China 

出 版 物：《Molecular Horticulture》 (分子园艺（英文）)

年 卷 期：2022年第2卷第1期

页      面：318-332页

学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 09[农学] 0902[农学-园艺学] 090202[农学-蔬菜学] 

基　　金：Open access funding provided by Shanghai Jiao Tong University.This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.32172561 to L.P.C.) the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant no.2021 M702878 to L.Y.) the USDA NIFA(NYC-184404 to S.S.G). 

主　　题：Brassica oleracea DNA methylation Floral development cessation Global warming Heat stress 

摘      要：Increasingly warming temperature impacts on all aspects of growth and development in plants.Flower development is a complex process that is very sensitive to ambient temperature,and warming temperatures often lead to abnor-mal flower development and remarkably reduce the quality and yield of inflorescent vegetables and many other crops,which can be exemplified by Brassica oleracea cv.Green Harmony F1,a broccoli cultivar,whose floral develop-ment is ceased at inflorescence meristem(at 28℃)or floral primordium stage(at 22℃),forming a cauliflower-like curd(28℃)or intermediate curd(22℃)instead of normal broccoli head at 16℃.However,the underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms are not well understood.Here we report that warming temperature(28℃ or 22℃)induced hypermethylation of the genome,especially the promoter regions of such sets of genes as ribosome biogenesis-related and others,leading to the suppression of the apex-highly-expressed distinctive genes,subsequently resulting in the abnormal floral development,as revealed by methylome and transcriptome co-profiling.The regulation of warming-induced abnormal floral development in broccoli was further verified by the fact that the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine(5-azaC)released the expression of genes from the warming temperature-induced suppres-sion,and restored the broccoli development to normalcy at warming temperature.The research provided new approaches to breeding broccoli and other crops for growing in wider or warmer temperature zones.