Thunderstorm and Lightning Activities over Western Pacific,Northern Indian Ocean and South China Sea Along with Their Adjacent Lands

作     者：丁嘉欣 张义军 郑栋 姚雯 张文娟 DING Jia-xin;ZHANG Yi-jun;ZHENG Dong;YAO Wen;ZHANG Wen-juan

作者机构：Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesInstitute of Atmospheric SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438 China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster(CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044 China State Key Laboratory of Severe WeatherChinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081 China CMA-FDU Joint Laboratory of Marine Meteorology and Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Atmosphere-Ocean InteractionShanghai 200438 China 

出 版 物：《热带气象学报:英文版》 (Journal of Tropical Meteorology)

年 卷 期：2023年第29卷第3期

页      面：347-358页

核心收录：

学科分类：07[理学] 0706[理学-大气科学] 

基　　金：National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC1510103) the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)Program(2019QZKK0104)。 

主　　题：lightning thunderstorm land ocean thunderstorm structure lightning spatiotemporal size and radiance 

摘      要：The Lightning Imaging Sensor(LIS)and Radar Precipitation Feature(RPF)data are used to investigate the activities and properties of lightning and thunderstorms over a region including the Western Pacific,northern Indian Ocean and the South China Sea along with their adjacent lands.The lands feature significantly more frequent lightning flashes and thunderstorms than the oceans,especially the open oceans.The highest densities of lightning and thunderstorm occur over the Strait of Malacca and the southern foothills of the Himalayas.Over the ocean regions,the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea are characterized by relatively frequent lightning and thunderstorm activities.Larger average spatiotemporal size and optical radiance of flashes can be found over the oceans;specifically,the offshore area features the most significant flash duration,and the open ocean area is characterized by the greatest flash length and optical radiance.The smallest average values of flash properties can be found over and around the Tibetan Plateau(TP).The oceanic thunderstorms tend to have a significantly larger horizontal extent than the continental thunderstorms,with the former and latter having the average area of the regions with radar reflectivity larger than 20 dBZ,generally over 7000 km^(2) and commonly below 6000 km^(2),respectively.The TP thunderstorms show the smallest horizontal extent.Meanwhile,the oceanic thunderstorms exhibit greater 20 dBZ but smaller 40 dBZ top heights than the continental thunderstorms.The average flash frequency and density of the oceanic thunderstorms are typically less than 5 fl min^(-1) and 0.3 fl 100 km^(-2) min^(-1),respectively;in contrast,the corresponding values of continental thunderstorms are greater.It is explored that the regions associated with strong convective thunderstorms are more likely to feature small-horizontal-extent and low-radiance flashes.