COVID-19 transmission in *** buses:A scenario-based approach with agent-based simulation modeling(ABSM)

作     者：Sachraa G.Borjigin Qian He Deb A.Niemeier 

作者机构：Department of Civil&Environmental EngineeringUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA 

出 版 物：《Communications in Transportation Research》 (交通研究通讯（英文）)

年 卷 期：2023年第3卷第1期

页      面：72-80页

核心收录：

学科分类：1004[医学-公共卫生与预防医学(可授医学、理学学位)] 1002[医学-临床医学] 100201[医学-内科学(含：心血管病、血液病、呼吸系病、消化系病、内分泌与代谢病、肾病、风湿病、传染病)] 100401[医学-流行病与卫生统计学] 10[医学] 

主　　题：COVID-19 Transit buses Indoor transmission Mitigation strategies Agent-based simulation modeling(ABSM) 

摘      要：The transit bus environment is considered one of the primary sources of transmission of the COVID-19(SARSCoV-2)*** disease transmission in public buses remains a challenge,especially with uncertainties in passenger boarding,alighting,and onboard *** there are initial findings on the effectiveness of some of the mitigation policies(such as face-covering and ventilation),evidence is scarce on how these policies could affect the onboard transmission risk under a realistic bus setting considering different headways,boarding and alighting patterns,and seating capacity *** study examines the specific policy regimes that transit agencies implemented during early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic in USA,in which it brings crucial insights on combating current and future *** use an agent-based simulation model(ABSM)based on standard design characteristics for urban buses in USA and two different service frequency settings(10-min and 20-min headways).We find that wearing face-coverings(surgical masks)significantly reduces onboard transmission rates,from no mitigation rates of 85%in higher-frequency buses and 75%in lower-frequency buses to 12.5%.The most effective prevention outcome is the combination of KN-95 masks,open window policies,and half-capacity seating control during higher-frequency bus services,with an outcome of nearly 0%onboard infection *** results advance understanding of COVID-19 risks in the urban bus environment and contribute to effective mitigation policy design,which is crucial to ensuring passenger *** findings of this study provide important policy implications for operational adjustment and safety protocols as transit agencies seek to plan for future emergencies.