Coagulase-negative staphylococcus and enterococcus as predominant pathogens in liver transplant recipients with Gram-positive coccal bacteremia

作     者：SHI Shao-hua KONG Hai-shen JIA Chang-ku XU Jian ZHANG Wen-jin WANG Wei-lin SHEN Yan ZHANG Min ZHENG Shu-sen 

作者机构：Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Liver Transplantation First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang 310003 China 

出 版 物：《Chinese Medical Journal》 (中华医学杂志（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2010年第123卷第15期

页      面：1983-1988页

核心收录：

学科分类：1002[医学-临床医学] 100210[医学-外科学(含：普外、骨外、泌尿外、胸心外、神外、整形、烧伤、野战外)] 10[医学] 

主　　题：drug resistance, multiple Gram-positive coccus risk factors bacteremia liver transplantation 

摘      要：Background Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus have been a common cause of infection among liver transplant （LT） recipients in recent decades. The understanding of local epidemiology and its evolving trends with regard to pathogenic spectra and antibiotic susceptibility is beneficial to prophylactic and empiric treatment for LT recipients. This study aimed to investigate etiology, timing, antibiotic susceptibility and risk factors for multidrug resistant （MDR） Gram-positive coccal bacteremia after *** A cohort analysis of prospectively recorded data was performed to investigate etiologies, timing, antibiotic susceptibility and risk factors for MDR Gram-positive coccal bacteremia in 475 LT *** In 475 LT recipients in the first six months after LT, there were a total of 98 episodes of bacteremia caused by Gram-positive cocci in 82 （17%） patients. Seventy-five （77%） bacteremic episodes occurred in the first post-LT *** most frequent Gram-positive cocci were methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococcus （CoNS, 46 isolates）,methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus （MRSA, 13） and enterococcus （34, E. faecium 30, E. faecalis 4）. In all Gram-positive bacteremic isolates, 59 of 98 （60%） were MDR. Gram-positive coccal bacteremia and MDR Gram-positive coccal bacteremia predominantly occurred in patients with acute severe exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B and with fulminant/subfulminant hepatitis. Four independent risk factors for development of bacteremia caused by MDR Gram-positive coccus were： LT candidates with encephalopathy grades Ⅱ-Ⅳ （P=0.013, OR： 16.253, 95% CI：1.822-144.995）, pre-LT use of empirical antibiotics （P=0.018, OR： 1.029, 95% CI： 1.002-1.057）, post-LT urinary tract infections （P 〈0.001, OR： 20.340, 95% CI： 4.135-100.048） and abdominal infection （P=0.004, OR： 2.820, 95% CI：1.122-10.114）. The main infectious manifestations were coinfections due to gram-positive cocci and gram-negative ***