Challenges and exploration for immunotherapies targeting cold colorectal cancer

作     者：Dan-Dan Li Yuan-Ling Tang Xin Wang 

作者机构：Department of Abdominal Oncology/Radiation OncologyCancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041Sichuan ProvinceChina 

出 版 物：《World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology》 (世界胃肠肿瘤学杂志（英文版）（电子版）)

年 卷 期：2023年第15卷第1期

页      面：55-68页

核心收录：

学科分类：1002[医学-临床医学] 100214[医学-肿瘤学] 10[医学] 

基　　金：Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82073338 Sichuan Science and Technology Support Project,No.2021YFSY0039 and No.22ZDYF0499 The 1·3·5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence-Clinical Research Incubation Project West China Hospital,Sichuan University,No.2020HXFH002 The 1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University,No.ZYJC21059 

主　　题：Colorectal cancer Immune checkpoint inhibitors Cold tumors Immunotherapy mechanism Combination therapy Effector T cells 

摘      要：In recent years,immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)have made significant breakthroughs in the treatment of various tumors,greatly improving clinical *** the fifth most common antitumor treatment strategy for patients with solid tumors after surgery,chemotherapy,radiotherapy and targeted therapy,the therapeutic response to ICIs largely depends on the number and spatial distribution of effector T cells that can effectively identify and kill tumor cells,features that are also important when distinguishing malignant tumors from“cold tumorsor“hot tumors.At present,only a small proportion of colorectal cancer(CRC)patients with deficient mismatch repair(dMMR)or who are microsatellite instability-high(MSI-H)can benefit from ICI treatments because these patients have the characteristics of a“hot tumor,with a high tumor mutational burden(TMB)and massive immune cell infiltration,making the tumor more easily recognized by the immune *** contrast,a majority of CRC patients with proficient MMR(pMMR)or who are microsatellite stable(MSS)have a low TMB,lack immune cell infiltration,and have almost no response to immune monotherapy;thus,these tumors are“cold.The greatest challenge today is how to improve the immunotherapy response of“cold tumor*** the development of clinical research,immunotherapies combined with other treatment strategies(such as targeted therapy,chemotherapy,and radiotherapy)have now become potentially effective clinical strategies and research ***,the question of how to promote the transformation of“cold tumorsto“hot tumorsand break through the bottleneck of immunotherapy for cold tumors in CRC patients urgently requires *** by developing an in-depth understanding of the immunotherapy mechanisms of cold CRCs can we screen out the immunotherapy-dominant groups and explore the most suitable treatment options for individuals to improve therapeutic efficacy.