Extending the dynamic temperature range of Boltzmann thermometers
作者机构：Debye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityPrincetonplein 13584 CC UtrechtThe Netherlands Inorganic Photoactive MaterialsHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraBe 140225 DüsseldorfGermany
出 版 物：《Light(Science & Applications)》 (光（科学与应用)（英文版）)
年 卷 期：2022年第11卷第12期
页 面：3069-3079页
核心收录：
学科分类：07[理学] 070202[理学-粒子物理与原子核物理] 0702[理学-物理学]
基 金：The Netherlands Center for Multiscale Catalytic Energy Conversion(MCEC) an NWO Gravitation Program funded by the Ministry of Education Culture and Science of the government of The Netherlands
主 题：equilibrium excited dynamic
摘 要：Lanthanide-doped(nano)crystals are an important class of materials in luminescence *** working mechanism of these thermometers is diverse but most often relies on variation of the ratio of emission intensities from two thermally coupled excited states with *** low temperatures,nonradiative coupling between the states can be slow compared to radiative decay,but,at higher temperatures,the two states reach thermal equilibrium due to faster nonradiative *** thermal equilibrium,the intensity ratio follows Boltzmann statistics,which gives a convenient model to calibrate the ***,we investigate multiple strategies to shift the onset of thermal equilibrium to lower temperatures,which enables Boltzmann thermometry in a wider dynamic *** use Eu^(3+)-doped microcrystals as a model system and find that the nonradiative coupling rates increase for host lattices with higher vibrational energies and shorter lanthanide-ligand distances,which reduces the onset temperature of thermal equilibrium by more than 400 *** additionally reveal that thermometers with excited states coupled by electricdipole transitions have lower onset temperatures than those with magnetic-dipole-coupled states due to selection *** insights provide essential guidelines for the optimization of Boltzmann thermometers to operate in an extended temperature range.
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