The 2020–2021 prolonged La Niña evolution in the tropical Pacific

作     者：Chuan GAO Maonan CHEN Lu ZHOU Licheng FENG Rong-Hua ZHANG 

作者机构：Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and WavesInstitute of OceanologyCenter for Ocean Mega-ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Laoshan LaboratoryQingdao 266237China School of Marine SciencesNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global ChangeChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China National Marine Environmental Forecasting CenterMinistry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100081China 

出 版 物：《Science China Earth Sciences》 (中国科学（地球科学英文版）)

年 卷 期：2022年第65卷第12期

页      面：2248-2266页

核心收录：

学科分类：07[理学] 070601[理学-气象学] 0706[理学-大气科学] 

基　　金：supported by the Laoshan Laboratory(Grant No.2022LSL010301-2) the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42176032) the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB 42000000) supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.XDA19060102 and XDB 40000000) the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42030410) 

主　　题：Prolonged La Niña evolution in 2020-2021 Subsurface effect on SST Remote and local processes Modeling experiments 

摘      要：The evolution of sea surface temperature(SST)in the tropical Pacific during 2020–2021 indicates a second-year cooling in late 2021 again,following the 2020 La Niña *** physical explanations are still lacking,and there is a clear need to understand the underlying processes *** data and reanalysis products are used to describe the characteristics and spatiotemporal evolution of upper-ocean thermal anomalies;an intermediate coupled model(ICM)is also used to perform numerical experiments to confirm these observation-based *** evolution of subsurface thermal anomalies is critically important to that of SST in the central-eastern equatorial Pacific;the effects of the former on the latter can be well represented by the temperature of subsurface waters entrained into the mixed layer(Te),a field that reflects a subsurface forcing on *** SST evolution is sensitively dependent on the intensities of the local effect associated with Te anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific and the remote effect associated with subsurface anomalies from the western *** early-and mid-2021,a competition was present between these local and remote effects associated with Te *** the remote warming effect dominates the local cooling effect,the cold SST condition in the east is likely to turn into neutral and warm conditions;otherwise,it tends to *** addition,the negative Te anomalies were sustained and enhanced by off-equatorial processes due to equatorial wave reflections at the eastern boundary associated with the 2020 La Niña *** SST evolution in mid-2021 corresponded to a situation in which the warming effect associated with positive subsurface thermal anomalies from the west were not strong enough to counteract the local cooling effect associated with negative anomalies in the *** due course,cold SST anomalies in the east developed again and the second-year cooling reoccurred in late 2021,with a turning point in