Nest predation pressure on Chinese Bulbuls decreases along the urbanization gradient in Hangzhou,China

作     者：Xingmin Chen Qin Zhang Sisi Lan Shuihua Chen Yanping Wang Xingmin Chen;Qin Zhang;Sisi Lan;Shuihua Chen;Yanping Wang

作者机构：Laboratory of Island Biogeography and Conservation BiologyCollege of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing210023China College of Chemistry and Life SciencesZhejiang Normal UniversityJinhu1321004China Zhejiang Museum of Natural HistoryHangzhou310012China 

出 版 物：《Avian Research》 (鸟类学研究（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2022年第13卷第3期

页      面：294-300页

核心收录：

学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 07[理学] 0713[理学-生态学] 

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31971545 31071908) 

主　　题：Artificial nest Natural nest Nest predation Shrub height Urbanization 

摘      要：Nest predation is an essential factor affecting bird population density,reproductive ecology and life ***,there are still contradictory results about how nest predation pressure changes with *** of the reasons for the controversy is that previous studies often use artificial nests to investigate nest predation,but the result of artificial nests is often biased and contrary to that of natural ***,it is important to perform nest predation experiments simultaneously with both natural and artificial *** this study,we examined the change of nest predation pressure on the Chinese Bulbul(Pycnonotus sinensis)along the urbanization gradient in Hangzhou,*** detected 148 natural nests of Chinese Bulbuls and continuously monitored them in two continuous breeding seasons from 2012 to *** the breeding season,we placed artificial eggs in natural nests of Chinese Bulbuls to investigate the changes in nest predation pressure and used infrared cameras to record the *** then calculated the urbanization synthetic index(USI)as the measure of the degree of urbanization and examined its relationship with nest predation *** found that no matter whether natural nests or artificial eggs were used,the nest predation pressure always decreased significantly with the degree of *** average height of shrubs within 10 m of the nest differed significantly between the predated and unpredated nests,which also affected the risk of nest *** study highlights the importance of using natural and artificial nests simultaneously to conduct nest predation experiments,which can reduce the bias or errors caused by only using artificial *** also recommend the use of infrared cameras in future nest predation studies,which has obvious advantages in monitoring and identifying potential predators.