The twin-beginnings of COVID-19 in Asia and Europe—one prevails quickly

作     者：Yongsen Ruan Haijun Wen Mei Hou Ziwen He Xuemei Lu Yongbiao Xue Xionglei He Ya-Ping Zhang Chung-I Wu Yongsen Ruan;Haijun Wen;Mei Hou;Ziwen He;Xuemei Lu;Yongbiao Xue;Xionglei He;Ya-Ping Zhang;Chung-I Wu

作者机构：State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolSchool of Life SciencesSouthern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)Sun Yat-sen University Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of Chicago State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and EvolutionKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Institute of GenomicsChinese Academy of Sciencesand China National Centre for Bioinformation 

出 版 物：《National Science Review》 (国家科学评论(英文版))

年 卷 期：2022年第9卷第4期

页      面：51-59页

核心收录：

学科分类：1004[医学-公共卫生与预防医学(可授医学、理学学位)] 1002[医学-临床医学] 100401[医学-流行病与卫生统计学] 10[医学] 

基　　金：supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (BX2021395 to Y.R.) the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31730 046 to C.I.W., 81972 691to H.W.) the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2020B1515020030) the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020YFC0847000 and2021YFC2301300) the Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(311021006) 

主　　题：COVID-19 D614G SARS-CoV-2 fitness advantage twin-beginnings 

摘      要：In the spread of SARS-C oV-2,there have been multiple waves of replacement between strains,each of which having a distinct set of mutations.The first wave is a group of four mutations(C241 T,C3037 T,C14408 T and A23403 G [this being the amino acid change D614 G];all designated 0 to 1 below).This DG(D614 G) group,fixed at the start of the pandemic,is the foundation of all subsequent waves of strains.Curiously,the DG group is absent in early Asian samples but present(and likely common) in Europe from the beginning.European data show that the high fitness of DG1111 requires the synergistic effect of all four mutations.However,the European strains would have had no time to evolve the four DG mutations(0 to1),had they come directly from the early Asian DG0000 strain.Very likely,the European DG1111 strain had acquired the highly adaptive DG mutations in pre-pandemic Europe and had been spreading in parallel with the Asian strains.Two recent reports further support this twin-beginning interpretation.There was a period of two-way spread between Asia and Europe but,by May 2020,the European strains had supplanted the Asian strains globally.This large-scale replacement of one set of mutations for another has since been replayed many times as COVID-19 progresses.