Loco-regional treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma:Role of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography

作     者：Agostino Inzerillo Maria Franca Meloni Adele Taibbi Tommaso Vincenzo Bartolotta 

作者机构：Department of RadiologyUniversity Hospital"Paolo Giaccone"Palermo 90127Italy Department of RadiologyCasa di Cura IgeaMilan 20121Italy Department of RadiologyFondazione Istituto G.Giglio HospitalCefalù90015Italy 

出 版 物：《World Journal of Hepatology》 (世界肝病学杂志（英文版）（电子版）)

年 卷 期：2022年第14卷第5期

页      面：911-922页

学科分类：1002[医学-临床医学] 100214[医学-肿瘤学] 10[医学] 

主　　题：Hepatocellular carcinoma Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography Radiofrequency ablation Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization Ultrasound Liver 

摘      要：Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the few cancers for which locoregional treatments(LRTs)are included in international guidelines and are considered as a valid alternative to conventional *** to Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer classification,percutaneous treatments such as percutaneous ethanol injection,radiofrequency ablation and microwave ablation are the therapy of choice among curative treatments in patients categorized as very early and early stage,while transcatheter arterial chemoembolization is considered the better option for intermediate stage HCC.A precise assessment of treatment efficacy and surveillance is essential to optimize survival rate,whereas residual tumor requires additional *** modalities play a key role in this ***,contrast-enhanced computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging are considered the standard imaging modalities for this *** enhanced ultrasound(CEUS),using second generation contrast agents,plays an increasingly important role in detecting residual disease after *** is a straightforward to perform,repeatable and cost-effective imaging modality for patients with renal failure or iodine *** to the ability to focus on single regions,CEUS can also provide high temporal ***,several studies have reported the same or better diagnostic accuracy as contrast-enhanced computed tomography for assessing tumor vascularity 1 mo after LRTs,and recently three-dimensional(3D)-CEUS has been reported as a promising technique to improve the evaluation of tumor response to ***,CEUS could be used early after procedures in monitoring HCC treatments,but nowadays this indication is still debated,and data from literature are conflicting,especially after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization procedure.