Presentation of hepatocellular antigens

作     者：Arash Grakoui Ian Nicholas Crispe 

作者机构：Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine and Yerkes National Primate Research Center Atlantal GAUSA Department of Pathology University of Washington Seattle WA USA. 

出 版 物：《Cellular & Molecular Immunology》 (中国免疫学杂志（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2016年第13卷第3期

页      面：293-300页

核心收录：

学科分类：07[理学] 08[工学] 09[农学] 071007[理学-遗传学] 090102[农学-作物遗传育种] 0710[理学-生物学] 090602[农学-预防兽医学] 1004[医学-公共卫生与预防医学(可授医学、理学学位)] 1002[医学-临床医学] 1001[医学-基础医学(可授医学、理学学位)] 0906[农学-兽医学] 0901[农学-作物学] 0836[工学-生物工程] 

基　　金：PHS, (ORIP/OD P51OD011132, P51RR000165, R01AI070101, R01AI114630, R21AI114827, R21AI118337) National Institutes of Health, NIH NIH Office of the Director, OD, (P51OD011132) Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, YNPRC 

主　　题：liver hepatocytes immunity tolerance 

摘      要：The liver is an organ in which antigen-specific T-cell responses manifest a bias toward immune tolerance. This is clearly seen in the rejection of allogeneic liver transplants, and multiple other phenomena suggest that this effect is more general. These include tolerance toward antigens introduced via the portal vein, immune failure to several hepatotropic viruses, the lack of natural liverstage immunity to malaria parasites, and the frequent metastasis of cancers to the liver. Here we review the mechanisms by which T cells engage with hepatocellular antigens, the context in which such encounters occur, and the mechanisms that act to suppress a full T-cell response. While many mechanisms play a role, we will argue that two important processes are the constraints on the cross-presentation of hepatocellular antigens, and the induction of negative feedback inhibition driven by interferons. The constant exposure of the liver to microbial products from the intestine may drive innate immunity, rendering the local environment unfavorable for specific T-cell responses through this mechanism. Nevertheless, tolerance toward hepatocellular antigens is not monolithic and under specific circumstances allows both effective immunity and immunopathology.