Evil Alien Franks:The Early Emergence of Chinese Negative Impression of the West in the Ming and Qing Dynasties
作者机构：Faculty of HistoryNankai UniversityTianjinP.R.China
出 版 物：《World History Studies》 (世界史研究（英文版）)
年 卷 期：2018年第5卷第2期
页 面：1-27页
学科分类：06[历史学]
主 题：Negative Impression Frankish Portugal Frankish Spain France the Franks Catholicism Ming and Qing Dynasties
摘 要：Portugal,Spain and France,which were used to be called Franks by Chinese,were three representative Western powers that successively contacted and constantly interacted with the Ming and Qing Dynasties after the discovery of the new maritime ***,compared with the Roman and Byzantine Empires,which usually made positive impressions on Chinese,the Chinese impression of these three powers was completely *** conclusion,Chinese tended to see them as aggressive,strange but powerful foreigners with cunning and turbulent ways,constantly seeking their own territorial *** was allied to an increasingly negative Chinese appreciation of Catholicism reinforcing the hostile image of the Franks in general and the entire Western world as embodied in the concept of Daxiyang(大西洋).The fact that these seemingly unstoppable alien forces challenged the existing world order as framed by Chinese civilization,and the clash between Catholicism and Confucian ethics,provided an enduring basis for the suspicions and dislike amongst Chinese towards a Frankish presence in their midst.
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