Drought can favour the growth of small in relation to tall trees in mature stands of Norway spruce and European beech

作     者：Hans Pretzsch Gerhard Schutze Peter Biber 

作者机构：Center of Life and Food Sciences WeihenstephanTechnical University of MunichHans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 285354 FreisingGermany 

出 版 物：《Forest Ecosystems》 (森林生态系统（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2018年第5卷第3期

页      面：258-276页

核心收录：

学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 0830[工学-环境科学与工程（可授工学、理学、农学学位）] 0907[农学-林学] 09[农学] 0829[工学-林业工程] 0901[农学-作物学] 0833[工学-城乡规划学] 0713[理学-生态学] 0834[工学-风景园林学（可授工学、农学学位）] 

基　　金：European Union Award Number 281116ERA02S Recipient:Hans Pretzsch Project Title:“Management of mixedspecies stands.Options for a low-risk forest management(REFORM)” Bayerisches Staatsministerium fur Ernahrung,Landwirtschaft und Forsten (Bavarian State Ministry for Nutrition,Agriculture,and Forestry) Award Number W07 7831–22209-2013 Recipient:Hans Pretzsch Project Title:“Long-term experimental plots for forest growth and yield research” Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Science Foundation) Award Number PR 292/12–1 Recipient:Hans Pretzsch Project Title:“Tree and stand-level growth reactions on drought in mixed versus pure forests of Norway spruce and European beech” 

主　　题：Growth partitioning Drought Competition symmetry Climate change Norway spruce European beech 

摘      要：Background: Climate change triggered many studies showing that trends and events of environmental conditions can reduce but also accelerate growth at the stand and individual tree level. However, it is still rather unknown how climate change modifies the growth partitioning between the trees in forest stands.Methods: Based on long-term girth-tape measurements in mature monospecific and mixed-species stands of Norway spruce(Picea abies(L.) Karst.) and European beech(Fagus sylvatica L.) we traced the effect of the severe droughts in 2003 and 2015 from the stand down to the tree level.Results: Stand growth of Norway spruce decreased by about 30% in the once-in-a-century drought 2015, while European beech was much more drought resistant. Water availability generally amplified size-asymmetric growth partitioning. Especially in case of Norway spruce water availability primarily fostered the growth of predominant trees, whereas drought favoured the growth of small trees at the expense of the predominant ones. We could not detect significant differences between mixed and monospecific stands in this regard.Conclusions: The drought-induced reallocation of growth in favour of small trees in case of spruce may result from its isohydric character. We hypothesize that as small trees are shaded, they can benefit from the reduced water consumption of their sun-exposed taller neighbours. In case of beech, as an anisohydric species, tall trees suffer less and smaller trees benefit less under drought. The discussion elaborates the consequences of the water dependent growth allocation for forest monitoring, growth modelling, and silviculture.