Biocompatibility pathways and mechanisms for bioactive materials:The bioactivity zone

作     者：David F.Williams 

作者机构：Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine391 Technology Way.Winston-SalemNorth Carolina27101USA 

出 版 物：《Bioactive Materials》 (生物活性材料（英文）)

年 卷 期：2022年第7卷第4期

页      面：306-322页

核心收录：

学科分类：0831[工学-生物医学工程（可授工学、理学、医学学位）] 08[工学] 0805[工学-材料科学与工程（可授工学、理学学位）] 

主　　题：Bioactivity Host response Biomaterial Medical technology Cell signaling 

摘      要：This essay analyzes the scientific evidence that forms the basis of bioactive materials,covering the fundamental understanding of bioactivity phenomena and correlation with the mechanisms of biocompatibility of biomaterials.This is a detailed assessment of performance in areas such as bone-induction,cell adhesion,immunomodulation,thrombogenicity and antimicrobial behavior.Bioactivity is the modulation of biological activity by characteristics of the interfacial region that incorporates the material surface and the immediate local host tissue.Although the term‘bioactive material’is widely used and has a well understood general meaning,it would be useful now to concentrate on this interfacial region,considered as‘the bioactivity zone’.Bioactivity phenomena are either due to topographical/micromechanical characteristics,or to biologically active species that are presented in the bioactivity zone.Examples of topographical/micromechanical effects are the modulation of the osteoblast-osteoclast balance,nanotopographical regulation of cell adhesion,and bactericidal nanostructures.Regulation of bioactivity by biologically active species include their influence,especially of metal ions,on signaling pathways in bone formation,the role of cell adhesion molecules and bioactive peptides in cell attachment,macrophage polarization by immunoregulatory molecules and antimicrobial peptides.While much experimental data exists to demonstrate the potential of such phenomena,there are considerable barriers to their effective clinical translation.This essay shows that there is solid scientific evidence of the existence of bioactivity mechanisms that are associated with some types of biomaterials,especially when the material is modified in a manner designed to specifically induce that activity.