Exercise stress echocardiography:Where are we now?

作     者：Carlos Alberto Cotrim Hugo Café Isabel João Nuno Cotrim Jorge Guardado Pedro Cordeiro Hortense Cotrim Luis Baquero 

作者机构：Heart CenterHospital da Cruz Vermelha PortuguesaLisboa 1549-008Portugal Faculdade de MedicinaAlgarve UniversityFaro 8005-139Portugal Department of CardiologyGarcia de Orta HospitalAlmada 2805-267Portugal Department of MedicineGarcia de Orta HospitalAlmada 2805-267Portugal Cardiovascular UnitUCARDIOCentro ClinicoRiachos 2350-325Portugal Department of CardiologyHospital Particular do AlgarveFaro 8005-226Portugal 

出 版 物：《World Journal of Cardiology》 (世界心脏病学杂志（英文版）（电子版）)

年 卷 期：2022年第14卷第2期

页      面：64-82页

学科分类：0831[工学-生物医学工程（可授工学、理学、医学学位）] 08[工学] 1010[医学-医学技术（可授医学、理学学位）] 10[医学] 

主　　题：Exercise stress echocardiography Coronary artery disease Valve disease Athletes Intraventricular gradients Children 

摘      要：Exercise stress echocardiography(ESE)is a widely used diagnostic test in cardiology *** is mainly used to study patients with coronary artery disease;however,it has increasingly been used in other clinical scenarios including valve pathology,congenital heart disease,hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies,athlete evaluations,diastolic function evaluation,and pulmonary circulation *** our laboratories,we use an established methodology in which cardiac function is evaluated while exercising on a *** completing the exercise regimen,patients remain in a standing position or lie down on the left lateral decubitus,depending on the clinical questions to be answered for further *** method increases the quality and quantity of information ***,we present the various methods of exercise stress echocardiography and our experience in many clinical arenas in *** also present alternatives to ESE that may be used and their advantages and *** review recent advances in ESE and future directions for this established method in the study of cardiac patients and underline the advantage of using a diagnostic tool that is radiation-free.