Viral Infections During Pregnancy:The Big Challenge Threatening Maternal and Fetal Health

作     者：Wenzhe Yu Xiaoqian Hu Bin Cao Wenzhe Yu;Xiaoqian Hu;Bin Cao

作者机构：Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health ResearchSchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenFujian 361102China State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular DiagnosticsSchool of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamenFujian 361102China 

出 版 物：《Maternal-Fetal Medicine》 (母胎医学杂志（英文）)

年 卷 期：2022年第4卷第1期

页      面：72-86页

学科分类：1002[医学-临床医学] 100211[医学-妇产科学] 10[医学] 

基　　金：supported by the grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1004400 to BC) the National Natural Sciences Foundation in China(81971414 and 82130047 to BC) the Natural Sciences Foundation of Fujian Province of China(2020J06003 to BC)。 

主　　题：Trophoblasts Congenital infection Hepatitis B virus Human immunodeficiency virus Influenza A virus Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Zika virus 

摘      要：Viral infections during pregnancy are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes,including maternal and fetal mortality,pregnancy loss,premature labor,and congenital anomalies.Mammalian gestation encounters an immunological paradox wherein the placenta balances the tolerance of an allogeneic fetus with protection against pathogens.Viruses cannot easily transmit from mother to fetus due to physical and immunological barriers at the maternal-fetal interface posing a restricted threat to the fetus and newborns.Despite this,the unknown strategies utilized by certain viruses could weaken the placental barrier to trigger severe maternal and fetal health issues especially through vertical transmission,which was not fully understood until now.In this review,we summarize diverse aspects of the major viral infections relevant to pregnancy,including the characteristics of pathogenesis,related maternal-fetal complications,and the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of vertical transmission.We highlight the fundamental signatures of complex placental defense mechanisms,which will prepare us to fight the next emerging and re-emerging infectious disease in the pregnancy population.