Leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 antibody-mediated autoimmune encephalitis in a 4-year-old girl:a case report
作者机构：Neurology DepartmentQilu Children’s Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina Functional Neurosurgery DepartmentQilu Children’s Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
出 版 物：《Acta Epileptologica》 (癫痫学报（英文）)
年 卷 期：2021年第3卷第1期
页 面：24-29页
学科分类：1002[医学-临床医学] 100214[医学-肿瘤学] 10[医学]
主 题：Autoimmune encephalitis LGI1 antibody Seizures Electroencephalogram
摘 要：Background:Leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1(LGI1)antibody-mediated encephalitis is a rare subtype of autoimmune encephalopathy,which is associated with autoimmunity against the neuronal plasma membrane proteins.The characteristic symptoms of this disease are memory dysfunction,seizures,faciobrachial dystonic seizures,cognitive deficits,neuropsychiatric disturbances,and intractable hyponatremia.The diagnosis of this disease mainly depends on the presence of anti-LGI1 antibody in serum or cerebrospinal fluid of patients.LGI1 antibody encephalitis has been reported mostly in adults,with rare occurrences in children.Case presentation:In this report,we described a 4-year-old girl with typical seizures.Seizure types included focal seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures.The electroencephalogram findings showed focal discharges.Brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)showed normal.The cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)levels of cells,glucose,and chloride were within the normal range,and the culture did not reveal growth of any pathogen.Test of serum LGI1-Ab was positive,while the tests for autoimmune encephalitis antibody series in CSF were negative.The seizures of the patient were completely controlled after the therapy of immunoglobulin,methylprednisolone and antiepileptic drugs(AEDs),and the mental state almost returned to normal.Conclusion:To our knowledge,the patient described here may be the youngest case of LGI1 antibody encephalitis reported to date.Children with the LGI1 antibody-associated encephalitis may present only with single symptoms such as epileptic seizures and have good response to the therapy of immunoglobulin,methylprednisolone and antiepileptic drugs.Our case report will provide hints for pediatricians in the diagnosis and treatment of LGI1-antibody encephalitis.
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