Another Record: Ocean Warming Continues through 2021 despite La Nina Conditions

作     者：Lijing CHENG John ABRAHAM Kevin ETRENBERTH John FASULLO Tim BOYER Michael EMANN Jiang ZHU Fan WANG Ricardo LOCARNINI Yuanlong LI Bin ZHANG Zhetao TAN Fujiang YU Liying WAN Xingrong CHEN Xiangzhou SONG Yulong LIU Franco RESEGHETTI Simona SIMONCELLI Viktor GOURETSKI Gengxin CHEN Alexey MISHONOV Jim REAGAN Lijing CHENG;John ABRAHAM;Kevin E.TRENBERTH;John FASULLO;Tim BOYER;Michael E.MANN;Jiang ZHU;Fan WANG;Ricardo LOCARNINI;Yuanlong LI;Bin ZHANG;Zhetao TAN;Fujiang YU;Liying WAN;Xingrong CHEN;Xiangzhou SONG;Yulong LIU;Franco RESEGHETTI;Simona SIMONCELLI;Viktor GOURETSKI;Gengxin CHEN;Alexey MISHONOV;Jim REAGAN

作者机构：International Center for Climate and Environment SciencesInstitute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Center for Ocean Mega-ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China University of St.ThomasSchool of EngineeringMinnesota 55105USA National Center for Atmospheric ResearchBoulderColorado 80307USA National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationNational Centers for Environmental InformationSilver SpringMaryland 20910USA Department of Meteorology&Atmospheric ScienceThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvania 16802USA Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China National Marine Environmental Forecasting CenterMinistry of Natural Resources of ChinaBeijing 100081China College of OceanographyHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China National Marine Data and Information ServiceTianjin 300171China Italian National Agency for New TechnologiesEnergy and Sustainable Economic DevelopmentS.Teresa Research CenterLerici 19032Italy Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e VulcanologiaSede di BolognaBologna 40128Italy South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China ESSIC/CISESS-MDUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA 

出 版 物：《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 (大气科学进展（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2022年第39卷第3期

页      面：373-385页

核心收录：

学科分类：07[理学] 070601[理学-气象学] 0706[理学-大气科学] 

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42122046,42076202) Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB42040402) National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42076202) National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0603202) Key Deployment Project of Centre for Ocean Mega-Research of Science,CAS(Grant Nos.COMS2019Q01 and COMS2019Q07) NCAR is sponsored by the US National Science Foundation supported by NASA Award 80NSSC17K0565 the Regional and Global Model Analysis(RGMA)component of the Earth and Environmental System Modeling Program of the U.S.Department of Energy’s Office of Biological&Environmental Research(BER)via National Science Foundation IA 1844590 

主　　题：La Nina ocean heat ocean warming attribution observation 

摘      要：The increased concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere from human activities traps heat within the climate system and increases ocean heat content(OHC). Here, we provide the first analysis of recent OHC changes through 2021 from two international groups. The world ocean, in 2021, was the hottest ever recorded by humans, and the 2021 annual OHC value is even higher than last year’s record value by 14 ± 11 ZJ(1 zetta J = 1021 J) using the IAP/CAS dataset and by16 ± 10 ZJ using NCEI/NOAA dataset. The long-term ocean warming is larger in the Atlantic and Southern Oceans than in other regions and is mainly attributed, via climate model simulations, to an increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations. The year-to-year variation of OHC is primarily tied to the El Nino-Southern Oscillation(ENSO). In the seven maritime domains of the Indian, Tropical Atlantic, North Atlantic, Northwest Pacific, North Pacific, Southern oceans,and the Mediterranean Sea, robust warming is observed but with distinct inter-annual to decadal variability. Four out of seven domains showed record-high heat content in 2021. The anomalous global and regional ocean warming established in this study should be incorporated into climate risk assessments, adaptation, and mitigation.