A survey on the adoption of blockchain in IoT:challenges and solutions
作者机构：Internet Commerce Security LaboratoryFederation University AustraliaMount HelenBallaratVIC3350Australia
出 版 物：《Blockchain(Research and Applications)》 (区块链研究（英文）)
年 卷 期：2021年第2卷第2期
页 面：1-49页
核心收录：
学科分类：0809[工学-电子科学与技术（可授工学、理学学位）] 08[工学]
基 金：Jamil et al. developed a blockchain-based vital sign monitoring platform for hospital facilities. The patients equipped with wearable sensors in the hospital transmit vital signs to the authorized nodes on the blockchain networks. The architecture was advanced based on a Cloud-driven model with the development of Cloud front-end technologies using HTML5 and JavaScript to enhance the management of resources within the proposed framework. The blockchain provided product-centred services using the REST APIs which are either triggered by IoT devices or a web client. A smart contract supported controlled access to the blockchain ledger to ensure that patient vital sign information is confidential and consistent with data and hosted blockchain ledger functions across the proposed network. Further the access control policy was implemented to allow system participants and users to access authorized content and transactions so that only authorized practitioners may access and manipulate the IoT device. The nodes on the blockchain P2P network installed a couch database to hold the vital sign transactions. A benchmark tool known as Hyperledger Caliper was utilized to evaluate the system's performance in terms of several metrics including Transaction Read Latency (TRL) Transaction Read Throughput (TRT) Transaction Latency (TL) and Read Throughput (RT). Celesti et al. also proposed an eHealth system that connected the Clouds of a federated hospital using an Ethereum blockchain to build a telemedical laboratory. Although the authors described the healthcare workflow for the proposed system extensive performance analysis has not been carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of the system.Yao et al. suggested a blockchain assisted authentication approach for distributed vehicular Fog network. The authentication process was completed following four phases: 1) registration phase 2) authentication phase 3) consensus phase and 4) service delivery phase. In the registration phase the on-board unit (OBU) of vehicles asks partial public key from the audit department (AD). The authentication phase involves the communications among OBU vehicular Fog service (as known as RSU) and service manager (SM) for granting OBU access to resources. Next the SM and WP (witness peer) run consensus protocol to insert the transactions of the authentication process into the blockchain. The benefits of using blockchain is that OBU does not require to initiate the authentication process next time when it moves to other data centre or Fog services
主 题：Blockchain technology Consensus mechanism Blockchain cryptographic primitives healthcare Patient monitoring Cloud of Things Internet of Things Fog of Things Software defined network Blockchain applications
摘 要：Conventional Internet of Things(IoT)ecosystems involve data streaming from sensors,through Fog devices to a centralized Cloud *** that arise include privacy concerns due to third party management of Cloud servers,single points of failure,a bottleneck in data flows and difficulties in regularly updating firmware for millions of smart devices from a point of security and maintenance *** technologies avoid trusted third parties and safeguard against a single point of failure and other *** has inspired researchers to investigate blockchain’s adoption into IoT *** this paper,recent state-of-the-arts advances in blockchain for IoT,blockchain for Cloud IoT and blockchain for Fog IoT in the context of eHealth,smart cities,intelligent transport and other applications are ***,research gaps and potential solutions are also presented.
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