Insect herbivory immediately before the eclipse of the gymnosperms:The Dawangzhangzi plant assemblage of Northeastern China
作者机构：College of Life Science and Academy for Multidisciplinary StudiesCapital Normal UniversityBejingChina Smithsonian InstitutionNational Museum of Natural HistoryWashingtonDCUSA Department of Entomology and Bees ProgramUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA
出 版 物：《Insect Science》 (昆虫科学（英文版）)
年 卷 期：2022年第29卷第5期
页 面：1483-1520页
核心收录：
学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 07[理学] 09[农学]
基 金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants 41688103 and 32020103006)
主 题：broadleaved conifer Cretaceous terrestrial revolution Czekanowskia damage type herbivory index Liaoningocladus boit Mesozoic ovipositor Yixian Formation
摘 要：The Early Cretaceous terrestrial revolution involved global shifts from gymnosperm-to angiosperm-dominated ***,responses of insect herbivores to these changes remain *** evaluated 2176 highly sampled plant specimens representing 62 species/morphotypes from the 126 Ma Dawangzhangzi plant assemblage of Northeastern *** study consisted of horsetails,ferns,ginkgoaleans,czekanowskialeans,conifers,and an *** herbivory was evaluated by the functional feeding groups of hole feeding,margin feeding,and surface feeding(ectophytic feeders);piercer and suckers,and ovipositing insects(ectoendophytic feeders);mining,galling,and borings(endophytic feeders);and pathogens,collectively constituting 65 damage types(DTs).The plant assemblage was assessed for herbivory richness by DT richness,component community structure,and DT specialization on plant hosts;for herbivory intensity,it was evaluated for DT frequency,herbivorized surface area,and feeding event *** feeding event occurrences,the data supported seven species/morphotypes as most intensely herbivorized:Liaoningocladus boii(76.6%),Czekanowskia sp.1(8.4%),Czekanowskia rigida(4.10%),Lindleycladus lanceolatus(3.5%),Ginkgoites sp.2(2.0%),Podozamites sp.1(1.1%),and Solenites sp.1(0.9%).The most herbivorized taxa were pinaleans(conifers),then czekanowskialeans,and lastly ginkgoaleans;the monodominant component community was the conifer Liaoningocladus *** host specialization levels were *** plant assemblage had an overall low 0.86%of foliage removed by herbivores,explained by physical and chemical antiherbivore defenses,and parasitoid *** Paleozoic,gymnosperm-dominated assemblages had greater herbivory,component community structure of the three most herbivorized taxa are more similar to modern bracken fern and willow than modern gymnosperm taxa.
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