Energy Management of Echelon Flying Northern Bald Ibises with Different Wingspans and Variable Wingtip Spacing

作     者：Mostafa Hassanalian Amir Mirzaeinia Niyem Bawana Frank Heppner Mostafa Hassanalian;Amir Mirzaeinia;Niyem Bawana;Frank Heppner

作者机构：Department of Mechanical EngineeringNew Mexico TechSocorroNM87801USA Department of Computer Science and EngineeringNew Mexico TechSocorroNM87801USA Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRI02881USA 

出 版 物：《Journal of Bionic Engineering》 (仿生工程学报（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2022年第19卷第1期

页      面：44-61页

核心收录：

学科分类：08[工学] 09[农学] 0901[农学-作物学] 0836[工学-生物工程] 090102[农学-作物遗传育种] 

主　　题：Drag Echelon Energy Flock Ibises Wingtips spacing 

摘      要：In this paper,the flocking flight of Northern Bald Ibises(Geronticus eremita)and their induced drag during the flock are *** Bald Ibises are long-range migratory *** birds fly in an echelon and V-shaped formation,possibly to reduce their drag;therefore,as a result,they may save energy to fly *** aerodynamic drag forces of each individual bird and the flock are modeled *** analysis shows how,during flocking flight,the drag force reduces as the size of the flock ***,wingtip spacing effects on the total drag of the flock are *** fraction of drag reduction of individual ibises is also *** initial arrangement scenarios are considered for flocks of ibises of different sizes in this *** shuffling algorithms are applied for position switching and energy balancing of the ibises during their *** is suggested that ibises can save energy by means of different arrangements of flock members during long *** results indicate that how different sizes of the birds can manipulate their positions to fly further and save energy during migration.