Cathepsin L, transmembrane peptidase/serine subfamily member 2/4, and other host proteases in COVID-19 pathogenesis – with impact on gastrointestinal tract

作     者：Izabela Berdowska Malgorzata Matusiewicz 

作者机构：Department of Biochemistry and ImmunochemistryWroclaw Medical UniversityWroclaw 50-368Lower SilesiaPoland 

出 版 物：《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 (世界胃肠病学杂志（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2021年第27卷第39期

页      面：6590-6600页

核心收录：

学科分类：1002[医学-临床医学] 100201[医学-内科学(含：心血管病、血液病、呼吸系病、消化系病、内分泌与代谢病、肾病、风湿病、传染病)] 10[医学] 

主　　题：COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 Transmembrane peptidase/serine subfamily member 2/4 Cathepsin L Gastrointestinal tract 

摘      要：Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)seems to employ two routes of entrance to the host cell;via membrane fusion(with the cells expressing both angiotensin converting enzyme 2(ACE2)and transmembrane peptidase/serine subfamily member 2/4(TMPRSS2/4))or via receptor-mediated endocytosis(to the target cells expressing only ACE2).The second mode is associated with cysteine cathepsins(probably cathepsin L)involvement in the virus spike protein(S protein)proteolytic *** furin might activate the virus S protein enabling it to enter *** tract(GIT)involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infection is evident in a subset of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients exhibiting GIT symptoms,such as diarrhea,and presenting viral-shedding in *** the abundance and co-localization of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the lower GIT(especially brush-border enterocytes),these two receptors seem to be mainly involved in SARS-CoV-2 invasion of the digestive ***,in vitro studies have demonstrated the virions capability of infection and replication in the human epithelial cells lining ***,also furin and cysteine cathepsins(cathepsin L)might participate in the activation of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein contributing to the virus invasiveness within ***,cathepsin L(due to its involvement in extracellular matrix components degradation and remodeling,the processes enhanced during SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammation)might be responsible for the dysregulation of absorption/digestion functions of GIT,thus adding to the observed in some COVID-19 patients symptoms such as diarrhea.