Sanitation By-Products Used for Lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i>L.) Production: Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment
Sanitation By-Products Used for Lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i>L.) Production: Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment作者机构：Agronomic Forestry and Environmental Engineering Department University of Man Man Côte d’Ivoire Laboratory of Geosciences and Environment University Jean Lorougnon Guede Daloa Côte d’Ivoire Water and Sanitation Department International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering (2iE) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Division of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
出 版 物：《Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection》 (地球科学和环境保护期刊（英文）)
年 卷 期：2021年第9卷第10期
页 面：47-61页
学科分类：07[理学] 0701[理学-数学] 070101[理学-基础数学]
主 题：Greywater QMRA Salmonella Toilet Compost Urine
摘 要：Sanitation by-products (i.e. greywater, human urine and toilet compost) reuse for agriculture presents an opportunity to enhance food security while overcoming water scarcity and fertilizers issues in developing countries. However, the risks to health from farmers and consumers’ exposure to pathogenic micro-organisms persistent in sanitation by-products has hindered their popularity in these regions. This study was conducted to apply a quantitative microbial risk assessment to estimate the annual risk probability of Salmonella infection associated with these sanitation by-products reuse for lettuce production and explore options for health risk reduction. Risk was performed a Monte Carlo simulation for farmers and consumers. The exposure routes were contaminated soil ingestion, urine/greywater/compost ingestion and lettuce consumption without washing. Results showed that the annual infection risks of Salmonella through ingestion contaminated soil associated with urine and compost were typical scenario: 9.04 × per-person-per-year (pppy) and 2.97 × pppy, respectively, are higher than the WHO benchmark (≤1.0 × pppy). Conversely, those contaminated from gre
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