Review and assessment of different perspectives of vehicle-pedestrian conflicts and crashes:Passive and active analysis approaches

作     者：Abbas Sheykhfard Farshidreza Haghighi Eleonora Papadimitriou Pieter Van Gelder Abbas Sheykhfard;Farshidreza Haghighi;Eleonora Papadimitriou;Pieter Van Gelder

作者机构：Department of Civil EngineeringBabol Noshirvani University of TechnologyMazandaran ***Iran Faculty of TechnologyPolicy and ManagementDelft University of TechnologyDelft 2628 BXThe Netherlands 

出 版 物：《Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition)》 (交通运输工程学报（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2021年第8卷第5期

页      面：681-702页

核心收录：

学科分类：08[工学] 082303[工学-交通运输规划与管理] 082302[工学-交通信息工程及控制] 0823[工学-交通运输工程] 

基　　金：This research was conducted by Babol Noshirvani University of Technology. The authors would like to thank and appreciate all the collaborators of the project 

主　　题：Traffic engineering Conflict Pedestrian Naturalistic driving study Crash Road safety 

摘      要：The importance of investigating pedestrian safety has been evaluated repeatedly in safety *** present study attempts to evaluate the various methods used by previous researchers in a hierarchical process,to determine the characteristics,advantages,and limitations of each *** general analysis approaches(passive and active) were taken into account to categorize 169 previous types of *** the passive approach,the studied methods were those based on crash databases,questionnaires,and post-crash field observation data;while,in the active approach,the studied methods were those based on driving simulations and *** result of the passive approach reveals that road users’ features and road characteristics(crash database studies),and error,lapses,intentional and unintentional violations(questionnaire studies) by them were among the most important causes of crashes and ***,road users’ distractions also reported a set of factors affecting the possibility of conflicts and crashes based on postcrash field observation ***,results of the active approach showed that risky behaviors are the most important factor in threatening pedestrian safety such as unauthorized speeding,non-compliance with traffic law,unauthorized overtaking by drivers,and illegal ***,risk perception and decision-making processes are the mostimportant bond between the attitude and behavior of road users in dangerous driving *** studies through passive approach would lead to identifying the causes of crashes,recognizing the attitude of road users towards safety,and determining road users’ behavioral patterns in certain situations,while the active approach has led to a more detailed understanding of behaviors and attitudes of road *** inference of the findings obtained in this study will lead to a better understanding of the behavior of road users for studies on advanced driving assistance systems(ADAS).