Cardiac changes in infants of diabetic mothers

作     者：Mohammed Al-Biltagi Osama El razaky Doaa El Amrousy 

作者机构：Department of PediatricsFaculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 35127Egypt Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical CenterArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671Bahrain 

出 版 物：《World Journal of Diabetes》 (世界糖尿病杂志（英文版）（电子版）)

年 卷 期：2021年第12卷第8期

页      面：1233-1247页

核心收录：

学科分类：1002[医学-临床医学] 100211[医学-妇产科学] 10[医学] 

主　　题：Gestational diabetes mellitus Infants of diabetic mother Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Congenital heart diseases Echocardiography Children 

摘      要：Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a systemic chronic metabolic disorder characterized by increased insulin resistance and/orβ-cell *** affects all ages from the foetal life,neonates,childhood to late *** diabetes is a critical risk factor for congenital heart diseases(CHDs).Moreover,the risk increases with low maternal education,high body mass index at conception,undiagnosed pregestational diabetes,inadequate antenatal care,improper diabetes control,and maternal smoking during *** DM significantly affects the foetal heart and foetal-placental circulation in both structure and *** defects,myocardial hypertrophy are three times more prevalent in infants of diabetic mothers(IDMs).Antenatal evaluation of the cardiac function and structures can be performed with foetal electrocardiography and *** cardiac evaluation can be performed with natal and postnatal electrocardiography and echocardiography,detection of early atherosclerotic changes by measuring aortic intima-media thickness,and retinal vascular changes by retinal *** the effects of diabetes during pregnancy on the offspring depends mainly on pregestational and gestational diabetes ***,other measures to reduce the risk,such as using medications,nutritional supplements,or probiotics,still need more *** review discusses the mechanism of foetal sequels and the risk factors that increase the prevalence of CHDs in gestational DM,the various cardiac outcomes of gestational DM on the foetus and offspring,cardiac evaluation of foetuses and IDMs,and how to alleviate the consequences of gestational DM on the offspring.