Evaporation and CO_(2)fluxes in a coastal reef:an eddy covariance approach

作     者：A.Camilo Rey-Sánchez Gil Bohrer Timothy H.Morin Dekel Shlomo Golnazalsadat Mirfenderesgi Hezi Gildor Amatzia Genin 

作者机构：Department of CivilEnvironmental and Geodetic EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Environmental Resources EngineeringState University of New York College of Environmental Science and ForestrySyracuseNYUSA The Fredy&Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciencesthe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences of EilatCoral BeachEilatIsrael department ofDepartment of EcologyEvolution&BehaviorSilverman Institute of Life Sciencesthe Hebrew University of JerusalemEilatIsrael ecologyevolution&behaviorsilverman institute of life sciencesthe hebrew university of jerusalemeilatisrael 

出 版 物：《Ecosystem Health and Sustainability》 (生态系统健康与可持续性（英文）)

年 卷 期：2017年第3卷第10期

页      面：1-21页

核心收录：

学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 0830[工学-环境科学与工程（可授工学、理学、农学学位）] 07[理学] 0707[理学-海洋科学] 0713[理学-生态学] 

基　　金：Ring Center for Interdisciplinary Environmental Research U.S. Department of Energy, USDOE PADI Foundation, (181) Office of Science, SC Australian Coral Reef Society, ACRS 

主　　题：Evaporation coral reef carbon flux advection eddy covariance 

摘      要：Introduction:We conducted season-long observations of evaporation and carbon flux at the Gulf of Aqaba coast,northern Red Sea.We used the eddy-covariance method with a two-tower setup to measure evaporation rates over land and sea and the advection between them.Using a three-dimensional mass balance approach,we calculated total evaporation as the sum of two main components in our site:horizontal advection and turbulent vertical flux,with half-hourly change of water vapor storage and horizontal flux divergence found to be negligible.Outcomes:Average evaporation rates were 11.4[mm/day]from April through May(early summer)and 10.5[mm/day]from June through August(summer).The coastal reef was a CO_(2)sink over the period of measurements,significantly higher in June through August than in April through May.The main environmental drivers of CO_(2)flux were humidity,water temperature,sensible heat flux,and wind speed.Discussion:The rates of evaporation near the shore were considerably higher than values reported in other studies typically used to represent the mean for the whole Gulf area.We found that evaporation rates computed by common bulk models approximate the mean values of evaporation but have poor representativeness of the intra-daily temporal variation of evaporation.There was a significant correlation between CO_(2)flux and evaporation attributed to common environmental drivers of gas diffusion,turbulent fluxes,and horizontal transport.Conclusion:We conclude that observations of fluxes in coastal waters need to use at least a two-tower system to account for the effect of horizontal advection on the total flux.