Atmospheric particle-bound polycyclic aromatic compounds over two distinct sites in Pakistan:Characteristics,sources and health risk assessment

作     者：Linda Maharjan Shichang Kang Lekhendra Tripathee Chaman Gul Huijun Zheng Quanlian Li Pengfei Chen Mukesh Rai Ewerton Santos Linda Maharjan;Shichang Kang;Lekhendra Tripathee;Chaman Gul;Huijun Zheng;Quanlian Li;Pengfei Chen;Mukesh Rai;Ewerton Santos

作者机构：State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric ScienceNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth SciencesBeijing 100085China Himalayan Environment Research InstituteKathmandu 44600Nepal Reading AcademyNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjingJiangsu 210044China Departamento de QuimicaUniversidade Federal de SergipeSao CristovaoSergipe SE 49100-000Brazil 

出 版 物：《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 (环境科学学报（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2022年第34卷第2期

页      面：1-15页

核心收录：

学科分类：083002[工学-环境工程] 0830[工学-环境科学与工程（可授工学、理学、农学学位）] 07[理学] 08[工学] 070602[理学-大气物理学与大气环境] 0706[理学-大气科学] 0713[理学-生态学] 

基　　金：supported by the Pan-Third Pole Environment Study for a Green Silk Road(Pan-TPE)(No.XDA20040501) National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41705132,41630754) CAS“Light of West China”program and the State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science(No.SKLCS-OP-201801) the Chinese Academy of Sciences for providing President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)for providing grants as Young Staff(No.2020FYC0001) 

主　　题：Total suspended particle Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Sources Human health risk 

摘      要：Much attention is drawn to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)as an air pollutant due to their toxic,mutagenic and carcinogenic ***,to understand the levels,seasonality,sources and potential health risk of PAHs in two distinct geographical locations at Karachi and Mardan in Pakistan,total suspended particle(TSP)samples were collected for over one year *** average total PAH concentrations were 31.5±24.4 and 199±229 ng/m^(3) in Karachi and Mardan,*** significantly lower concentration in Karachi was attributed to diffusion and dilution of the PAHs by the influence of clean air mass from the Arabian sea and high temperature,enhancing the volatilization of the particle phase PAHs to the gas ***,the higher concentration(^(-)6 times)in Mardan was due to large influence from local and regional emission sources.A clear seasonality was observed at both the sites,with the higher values in winter and post-monsoon due to higher emissions and less scavenging,and lower values during monsoon season due to the dilution *** ratios and principal component analysis indicated that PAHs in both sites originated from traffic and mixed combustion sources(fossil fuels and biomass).The average total Ba P equivalent concentrations(Ba P eq)in Karachi and Mardan were 3.26 and 34 ng/m^(3),respectively,which were much higher than the WHO guideline of 1 ng/m^(3).The average estimates of incremental lifetime cancer risk from exposure to airborne Ba P eq via inhalation indicated a risk to human health from atmospheric PAHs at both sites.