GIS-Based Methodology for Crash Prediction on Single-Lane Rural Highways
GIS-Based Methodology for Crash Prediction on Single-Lane Rural Highways作者机构：Post-Graduate Program in Civil Engineering UPE Recife Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Systems Engineering UPE Recife Brazil Graduate Program in Architecture and Urban Planning UNICAP Recife Brazil
出 版 物：《Journal of Geographic Information System》 (地理信息系统（英文）)
年 卷 期：2021年第13卷第2期
页 面：98-121页
学科分类：07[理学] 0701[理学-数学] 070101[理学-基础数学]
主 题：Roads GEE Single-Lane Rural Highways GIS Crash Prediction
摘 要：Due to the need to update the current guidelines for highway design to focus on safety, this study sought to build an accident prediction model using a Geographic Information System (GIS) for single-lane rural highways, with a minimum of statistically significant variables, adequate to the Brazilian reality, and improve accident prediction for places with similar characteristics. A database was created to associate the accident records with the geometric parameters of the highway and to fill in the gaps left by the absence of geometric highway plans through geometric reconstitution or semi-automatic extraction of highways using satellite images. The Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) method was applied to estimate the coefficients of the model, assuming negative distribution of the binomial error for the count of observed accidents. The accident frequency and annual average daily traffic (AADT) were analyzed, along with the spatial and geometric characteristics of 215 km of federal single-lane rural highways between 2007 and 2016. The GEE procedure was applied to two models having three variations of distinct homogeneous segmentation, two based on segments and one based on the kernel density estimator. To assess the effect of constant traffic, two more variations of the models using AADT as an offset variable were considered. The predominant correlation structure in the models was the exchangeable. The principal contributing factors for the occurrence of collisions were the radius of the horizontal curve, the grade, segment length, and the AADT. The study produced clear indicators for the design parameters of roadways that influence the safety performance of rural highways.
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