Epidural electrical stimulation for spinal cord injury

作     者：Elliot H.Choi Sandra Gattas Nolan J.Brown John D.Hong Joshua N.Limbo Alvin Y.Chan Michael Y.Oh Elliot H.Choi;Sandra Gattas;Nolan J.Brown;John D.Hong;Joshua N.Limbo;Alvin Y.Chan;Michael Y.Oh

作者机构：Department of PharmacologySchool of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA Department of OphthalmologyGavin Herbert Eye InstituteSchool of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA 

出 版 物：《Neural Regeneration Research》 (中国神经再生研究（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2021年第16卷第12期

页      面：2367-2375页

核心收录：

学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 1002[医学-临床医学] 1001[医学-基础医学(可授医学、理学学位)] 10[医学] 

基　　金：This work was supported by the Medical Scientist Training Program T32GM007250 Predoctoral Training in Molecular Therapeutics Program T32GM008803(to EHC). 

主　　题：central nervous system chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans epidural electrical stimulation glial scar gliosis neural activity neuromodulation oligodendrocyte spinal cord injury 

摘      要：A long-standing goal of spinal cord injury research is to develop effective repair strategies,which can restore motor and sensory functions to near-normal levels.Recent advances in clinical management of spinal cord injury have significantly improved the prognosis,survival rate and quality of life in patients with spinal cord injury.In addition,a significant progress in basic science research has unraveled the underlying cellular and molecular events of spinal cord injury.Such efforts enabled the development of pharmacologic agents,biomaterials and stem-cell based therapy.Despite these efforts,there is still no standard care to regenerate axons or restore function of silent axons in the injured spinal cord.These challenges led to an increased focus on another therapeutic approach,namely neuromodulation.In multiple animal models of spinal cord injury,epidural electrical stimulation of the spinal cord has demonstrated a recovery of motor function.Emerging evidence regarding the efficacy of epidural electrical stimulation has further expanded the potential of epidural electrical stimulation for treating patients with spinal cord injury.However,most clinical studies were conducted on a very small number of patients with a wide range of spinal cord injury.Thus,subsequent studies are essential to evaluate the therapeutic potential of epidural electrical stimulation for spinal cord injury and to optimize stimulation parameters.Here,we discuss cellular and molecular events that continue to damage the injured spinal cord and impede neurological recovery following spinal cord injury.We also discuss and summarize the animal and human studies that evaluated epidural electrical stimulation in spinal cord injury.