A simple and easy method to measure ammonia volatilization:Accuracy under field conditions

作     者：Márcio R.MARTINS Leonardo F.SARKIS Roni F.GUARESCHI Camila A.SANTOS Selenobaldo A.C.SANT’ANNA Mohammad ZAMAN Claudia P.JANTALIA Bruno J.R.ALVES Robert M.BODDEY Ednaldo S.ARAÚJO Segundo URQUIAGA Márcio R.MARTINS;Leonardo F.SARKIS;Roni F.GUARESCHI;Camila A.SANTOS;Selenobaldo A.C.SANT'ANNA;Mohammad ZAMAN;Claudia P.JANTALIA;Bruno J.R.ALVES;Robert M.BODDEY;Ednaldo S.ARAúJO;Segundo URQUIAGA

作者机构：Embrapa AgrobiologyRod.BR 465km 7Seropédica RJ CEP 23891-000(Brazil) AgroscopeResearch Division Agroecology and EnvironmentClimate and Agriculture GroupReckenholzstrasse 191Zurich 8046(Switzerland) Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro(UFRRJ)Rod.BR 465km 7Seropédica RJ CEP 23891-000(Brazil) Soil and Water Management&Crop NutritionJoint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food&AgricultureP.O.Box 100Vienna A-1400(Austria) 

出 版 物：《Pedosphere》 (土壤圈（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2021年第31卷第2期

页      面：255-264页

核心收录：

学科分类：07[理学] 0818[工学-地质资源与地质工程] 0903[农学-农业资源与环境] 0901[农学-作物学] 0713[理学-生态学] 

基　　金：supported by the International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA),Vienna,Austria through a Coordinated Research Project(No.D15016) the“Carlos Chagas Filho”Foundation for Support of Research in the State of Rio de Janeiro(FAPERJ)of Brazil with grants awarded to BJRA,CPJ,RMB,and SU and postdoctoral scholarships to MRM,RFG and SACS the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development(CNPq)with a Productivity Grant(PQ)awarded to BJRA,CPJ,RMB,and SU and scholarships to LFS and CAS。 

主　　题：ammonia collector chamber method field sampler gas emission low-cost chamber nitrogen cycling 

摘      要：Field studies on soil ammonia(NH_(3))volatilization are restricted in many countries owing to the high costs commonly demanded for accurate quantification.We assessed the accuracy of a simple,open chamber design to capture NH_(3)under field conditions,as affected by different chamber placement schemes.Urea-15 N was surface applied to lysimeters installed in the spaces between maize rows.Open chambers made from plastic bottles were installed on each lysimeter with variations in i)N rates(3,8,13,and 18 g m^(-2)),ii)the height of the chamber above the soil surface(0,5,and 10 mm),and iii)chamber relocation(static vs.dynamic).Reference lysimeters without chambers were used to measure NH_(3)losses by^(15)N-balance.Losses of NH_(3)-N accounted for more than 50%of the applied N.Relocation of the chambers had no impact on their NH_(3)-trapping efficiencies,proving to be an unnecessary procedure.Variation in the height of the chambers above the soil surface affected the capture of NH_(3),but the results still maintained high linearity with the NH_(3)losses quantified by the reference method(R^(2)0.98).When the same placement scheme used in the introductory study describing the chamber was utilized(static and touching the soil surface),we found a trapping efficiency of 60%,which was very similar to that(57%)obtained in the previous study.Our results show that this simple,open chamber design can be used with satisfactory accuracy under field conditions,provided that simple,standardized procedures are warranted.